In the US, the estimated cost of a single needlestick in jury (NSI) treatment ranges between US $500 to US $3,000. These costs, however, do not account for long-term treatment costs associated with illness contracted from the injury or litigation and compensation costs. According to the American Hospital Association, one case of serious infection by blood borne pathogens can cost US $1 million or more in expenditures for testing, follow-up tests, lost time and disability payments.